![]() The family Rhinocerotidae consists of only four extant genera: Ceratotherium (white rhinoceros), Diceros (black rhinoceros), Dicerorhinus (Sumatran rhinoceros), and Rhinoceros (Indian and Javan rhinoceros). The name has been in use since the 14th century. The word rhinoceros is derived through Latin from the Ancient Greek: ῥῑνόκερως, which is composed of ῥῑνο- ( rhino-, "nose") and κέρας ( keras, " horn") with a horn on the nose. See also: List of perissodactyls RhinocerotidaeĬladogram following a phylogenetic study. A market also exists for rhino horn dagger handles in Yemen, which was the major source of demand for rhino horn in the 1970s and 1980s. Rhino horns are made of keratin, the same material as hair and fingernails, and there is no good evidence of any health benefits. The contemporary market for rhino horn is overwhelmingly driven by China and Vietnam, where it is bought by wealthy consumers to use in traditional Chinese medicine, among other uses. Rhinoceroses are killed by poachers for their horns, which are bought and sold on the black market for high prices, leading to most living rhinoceros species being considered endangered. Unlike other perissodactyls, the two African species of rhinoceros lack teeth at the front of their mouths they rely instead on their lips to pluck food. They generally eat leafy material, although their ability to ferment food in their hindgut allows them to subsist on more fibrous plant matter when necessary. They have a herbivorous diet, small brains 400–600 g (14–21 oz) for mammals of their size, one or two horns, and a thick 1.5–5 cm (0.59–1.97 in), protective skin formed from layers of collagen positioned in a lattice structure. Rhinoceroses are some of the largest remaining megafauna: all weigh at least one tonne in adulthood. Two of the extant species are native to Africa, and three to South and Southeast Asia. cerrejonensis found had a total length around 12.8 m (42 ft) and weighed about 1,135 kg (2,500 lb 1.12 long tons 1.25 short tons).A rhinoceros ( / r aɪ ˈ n ɒ s ər ə s/ from Ancient Greek ῥῑνόκερως ( rhīnókerōs) 'nose-horned' from ῥῑ́ς ( rhī́s) 'nose', and κέρας ( kéras) 'horn' PL: rhinoceros or rhinoceroses), commonly abbreviated to rhino, is a member of any of the five extant species (or numerous extinct species) of odd-toed ungulates in the family Rhinocerotidae it can also refer to a member of any of the extinct species of the superfamily Rhinocerotoidea. ![]() The only known species is the Titanoboa cerrejonensis, the largest snake ever discovered, which supplanted the previous record holder, Gigantophis. By comparing the sizes and shapes of its fossilized vertebrae to those of extant snakes, researchers estimated that the largest individuals of T. Titanoboa, meaning "titanic boa," is a genus of snake that lived approximately 58–60 million years ago, during the Paleocene epoch, a 10-million-year period immediately following the dinosaur extinction event. Black Rhinoceros also do not have a distinguishing shoulder hump like the White Rhinoceros. The Black Rhinoceros can also be recognized from the White Rhinoceros by its smaller skull and ears. ![]() White Rhinoceros have square lips used for eating grass. The Black Rhino is much smaller than the White Rhino, and has a long, pointed, and prehensile upper lip, which it uses to grasp leaves and twigs when feeding. Skin color depends more on local soil conditions and the rhinoceros' wallowing behavior than anything else, so many black rhinos are typically not truly black in color. These horns are used for defense, intimidation, and digging up roots and breaking branches during feeding. Sometimes, a third smaller horn may develop. The longest known horn measured nearly 5 feet in length. Two horns on the skull are made of keratin with the larger front horn typically 50 cm long, exceptionally up to 140 cm. An adult weighs from 800 to 1364 kg (1,760 to 3,000 lb), but sometimes grows up to 1818 kg (4,000 lb), The females are smaller than the males. An adult Black Rhinoceros stands 140–170 cm (57.9–63 inches) high at the shoulder and is 3.3-3.6 m (10.8–11.8 feet) in length.
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